盘点全球十大特种部队(下)

2 – Canada

5.加拿大联合特遣部队

Created in 1993 and expanded to several hundred members following the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, Canada's Joint Task Force 2 is an elite counter-terrorism and special operations unit. Composed of military personnel from the Canadian Forces, JTF2 undertakes a range of operations. They have been known to escort VIPs and provide site security at events like the 2010 Winter Olympics. More covertly, they have operated in many world hotspots, whether it be rescuing hostages in Iraq or hunting down Serbian snipers in Bosnia. The force's time in Afghanistan is largely guarded but it is known they were involved before most ground forces arrived and worked beside other special forces, like the US Navy SEALs. Their operations were so secret that even the Canadian Prime Minister was unaware the force was involved in Afghanistan during the early days.

加拿大联合特遣部队（JTF2）于1993年建立。2001年“9·11”事件后，随即扩编数百名成员。该部队是支反恐特种精英部队，由加拿大军事人员组成，承担着一系列任务：众所周知的包括为各国政要提供安保服务，参与2010年冬奥会之类的大型活动现场保卫工作；此外，他们还在全球多个热点地区参与了多项行动，但不论是在伊拉克解救人质还是在波斯尼亚追捕塞尔维亚狙击手，这些任务大都不为人所知。加拿大联合特遣部队驻扎在阿富汗的时候大多只是从事监视活动，但在地面大部队到达之前，他们也与美国海豹突击队之类的其他特种部队一同工作。加拿大总理在早些时候甚至对他们曾参与阿富汗行动一事一无所知，由此可见该部队行动之隐秘。

a Group – Russia

4.俄罗斯阿尔法小组

What about the Spetsnaz? Well, to keep it simple, any list which gives 'Spetsnaz' as a distinct force is just plain wrong as that term is a general name for all Soviet/Russian special-forces. Within the Russian special-forces, Alpha Group is as bad as they come. This force started out in the mid-1970s and came to fame during the invasion of Afghanistan during which members of Alpha stormed the Presidential Palace in Kabul, killing everyone in the building. In 1985, a group was dispatched to Beirut to try and rescue four Soviet diplomats. When the diplomats were killed, Alpha Group allegedly hunted down relatives of the hostage takers and returned them to their families in much smaller pieces to send a message to would-be terrorists. It apparently worked for over 20 years. Domestically, Alpha has been involved in most of the major anti-terrorist/hostage operations in Russia such as the Moscow theatre siege of 2002 and the Beslan school siege in 2004. Both events demonstrated the rather heavy handed nature of the Russian special-forces as hundreds of hostages were killed during operations.

俄罗斯特种部队怎么样？简单来说，如果一个清单将“俄罗斯特种部队”列为一支单独的部队，那就大错特错了，因为俄罗斯特种部队是所有苏联或者俄罗斯特种部队的总称。阿尔法小组组建于19世纪70年代中期，是俄罗斯特种部队中最厉害的一支队伍。前苏联入侵阿富汗时，阿尔法小组以迅雷不及掩耳之势攻占了位于喀布尔的阿富汗总统府，并击毙了府内所有人，一战成名。1985年，前苏联派阿尔法小组前往贝鲁特营救四名苏联外交官。据传，其中一名外交官被杀后，阿尔法小组追捕到劫匪的亲属，将其杀害并肢解后送还给劫匪，以此警告这些所谓的恐怖分子。此次行动效果显著，之后20多年间，再未出现过类似情况。在俄罗斯国内，阿尔法小组也多次参加重大反恐、营救人质行动，比如2002年的莫斯科大剧院人质事件以及2004年的别斯兰人质危机。这两次行动中都有上百名人质死亡，也显示了俄罗斯特种部队的狠辣无情。

etet 13 – Israel

3.以色列海军13中队

Another Israeli special-forces group, Shayetet 13 is associated with the Israeli navy. Created in 1948, this force has taken part in every major Israeli operation and war conducting everything from hostage rescue and counter-terrorism to intelligence gathering and boarding. Training is 20 months long and pushes candidates under the most stressful psychological and physical testing before specialized training even begins. You name the specialized type of training and odds are the members of Shayetet 13 have done it – whether it be parachute training, demolitions, underwater warfare or cold/dark training. Operationally, Shayetet 13 members have recently been involved in a number of high profile operations involving boarding ships and seizing weaponry bound for Gaza. Their most notable operation was after the 1972 Munich Olympics when they were used to hunt down and eliminate those responsible for the attack on the Israeli athletes.

另一支以色列特种部队“13中队”是一支海军部队。13中队组建于1948年，参加过以色列各大军事行动及战事，营救人质、反恐、搜集情报，无所不能。13中队的训练课程长达20个月，无论在体力上还是在精神上都是一个极大的挑战，士兵只有完成全部训练，才能参与特种作战。你所能列举出的特种训练作战方式，无论是跳伞、爆破、水下作战还是抗寒、夜视训练，13中队基本上都已经实践过了。最近，13中队高调参与了一系列行动，例如登船缉获运往加沙的武器。1972年慕尼黑奥运会时，恐怖分子杀害了数名以色列运动员，之后13中队开始追捕事件元凶并将其逐一消灭，这是13中队最为著名的行动。

SEALs – USA

2.美国海豹突击队

You knew these guys were going to have to show up sometime. The SEALs are an American special-forces group created in 1962 which have achieved near mythical status. This in part is thanks to Operation Neptune Spear – the mission in which SEALs flew into Abbottabad, Pakistan in May, 2011 and killed Osama Bin Laden, the leader of Al Qaeda. The SEALs are elite and the physical and mental strength required to make it in this force is ridiculously high. Training takes over a year and most applicants can't even get past the physical qualification test which involves a lot of swimming, push-ups, sit-ups and running, all accomplished in a very strict time limit. Get past that and you enter general training. Pass that and you move on to SEAL qualification training which then opens the door to specialized training. All of this ensures that SEAL members are physically and mentally as tough as nails and capable of undertaking the most difficult operations in the world, wherever that may be.

你应该知道这支特种部队终会出现。“海豹”是美国在1962年组建的一支特种部队，如今它已经取得了神话般的地位。这其中一部分要归功于”海王星之矛”行动——2011年5月海豹突击队前往巴基斯坦的阿伯塔巴德执行任务，击毙了时任基地组织领导人奥萨马·本拉登。海豹突击队是一支精锐部队，其成员所具备的体力和毅力使得这支部队强的离谱。应征者需要参加为期一年的培训。首先，应征者要通过一个非常严格的体能测试，应征者必须在有限的时间里完成游泳、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐和跑步测试；测试通过，应征者将进入常规训练，但是大多数应征者都无法通过这项测试。常规训练结果合格，应征者就将开始三栖资格训练，进行专业的培训。所有的训练确保了海豹突击队员拥有如钉子一般坚韧的身心，无论在世界的任何地方都能够承担起最困难的任务。

– Britain

1.英国陆军特种空勤团

What's this, a group rated higher than the SEALs? Indeed. The British Special Air Service was created in 1941 as a force which could operate behind German and Italian lines and support resistance movements against the occupation forces. Understandably, the force is made up of British military personnel with the most coming from the airborne forces. Physical requirements are harsh and require a lot of marching with full packa. This culminates in a 40 mile march with a full pack that must be finished in 20 hours. Candidates must also be able to swim two miles in an hour and a half and run four miles in 30 minutes. After this, you get dropped in the jungle to learn survival and navigational skills, after which you endure survival practice. The final test is a 36-hour interrogation session meant to break the candidate's will. The handful who make it through this get transferred to an operation force for further training. Not convinced this is 'better' than the SEALs? It may help you to know that the SAS is also trained by MI5 and MI6 security and intelligence services to undertake counter-espionage operations. It's like having a SEAL and James Bond all rolled into one.

什么？它竟然排在海豹突击队之前？事实的确如此。英国特种空勤团成立于1941年，当时的它就深入德意两军的后方独立作战，支持抵抗运动,对抗占领军。这支部队是由英国军事人员组成，其中大多数人是来自空降部队。它对体能的要求十分苛刻，经常全装拉练。这也就意味着应征者必须在20小时内背着全副装备徒步行走40英里。此外，他们还必须在一个半小时内游完两英里并在30分钟内跑完四英里。完成这些之后，应征者将会被“扔”进丛林学习生存技巧，掌握导航技能，再参与生存演练。最后一项测试是进行一个持续36小时的审讯，旨在瓦解应征者的意志。最后的胜者将加入一支作战部队接受更进一步的训练。看到这里，你还不相信它比海豹突击队更强悍吗？以下这一点应该会对你有所帮助：英国特种空勤团是由英国国家安全局（MI5，又称军情五处）和英国陆军情报六局（MI6，又称军情六处）共同训练以承担反间谍任务。它就像是海豹突击队与詹姆斯·邦德的结合体。

审校：秋谊 编辑：Lion 来源：前十网