外媒选出最具影响力的女性,第一实至名归
Politics, science, sport, technology and literature... it's impossible to find an area where women haven't made a powerful impact.
政治、科学、体育、科技以及文学……要找到一个女性没有产生过重大影响的领域是几乎不可能的。So the task of finding the female figure who has made the greatest contribution was always going to be a tough one.
所以要找出一位做出了最大贡献的女性是一项艰巨的任务。But experts have finally narrowed it down – and named Marie Curie as the woman who did the most to change the world.
但是专家们终于把名单缩减,并把“对改变做出最大贡献的女性”的头衔赋予了玛丽·居里。
The scientist, whose discoveries in the field of radiation helped develop X-rays and cancer treatments, beat Margaret Thatcher, Princess Diana and Jane Austen in a poll by BBC History Magazine.
这位在放射性研究领域做出巨大贡献,并推进了X射线发展以及癌症治疗的科学家,在BBC历史杂志的投票评选中打败了玛格丽特·撒切尔,简·奥斯丁以及戴安娜公主,成为第一。In second place was Rosa Parks, the civil rights movement activist who protested against racial segregation in the US by refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst came third.
第二名的美国黑人民权行动主义者罗莎·帕克斯,曾通过拒绝在公交车上为白人乘客让座发起了抗议种族隔离的活动。英国妇女参政运动的领导者艾米琳·潘克斯特位居第三。Curie was the first to win two Nobel prizes – one in physics and one in chemistry – and coined the word 'radiation'.
居里夫人是第一位获取两项不同学科诺贝尔奖的科学家。她曾分别被授予诺贝尔物理学及化学诺贝尔奖,并创造了‘辐射’这一词。She had a tough childhood in her native Poland, then under oppressive Russian rule. Her mother died when she was ten and she had to work as a young governess for six years.
居里夫人在俄罗斯帝国统治下的波兰度过了艰苦的童年。她的母亲在她仅仅十岁的时候去世,幼小的居里夫人不得不开始了六年的家教工作为自己谋生。Going on to study at the Sorbonne in Paris, she met fellow physicist Pierre Curie, and the pair dedicated their lives to science.
前往巴黎的索邦进学的居里夫人邂逅了同为物理家的皮埃尔·居里。居里夫妇将他们的毕生献给了科学研究。She began cracking the secrets of radioactivity in their primitive laboratory in a shed.
之后,居里夫人开始在用棚搭建的简陋实验室中探索放射性的秘密。Curie helped fit X-ray machines to ambulances in the First World War while working for the Red Cross, and suffered leukaemia from long-term exposure to radiation. She died in 1934 aged 66.
在第一次世界大战期间,居里夫人在为红十字会工作的同时,帮助将X光机器安装在战地救护车上。1934年,由于长期接受辐射, 66岁的居里夫人死于再生不良性贫血。Readers were given a list of 100 women to choose from, selected by experts in ten fields of human endeavour.
读者们从专家们从对人类发展有贡献的十个领域选取的100位杰出女性中做出了自己的选择。Some of the less familiar names include computer programmer Ada Lovelace, 19th-century philanthropist Angela Burdett-Coutts and crystallographer Rosalind Franklin, who helped crack the structure of DNA.
一些尚未被世人广知的候选人包括:计算机工程师阿达·洛芙莱斯,19世纪的慈善家安吉拉·伯德特·库茨,对DNA结构研究做出贡献的晶体学家罗莎琳·富兰克林。Other figures in the top 20 include early feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft, women's rights activist Josephine Butler and queen Eleanor of Aquitaine – one of the most powerful women of the Middle Ages.
其他在前二十名的女性包括:女权主义作家玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特,女权积极分子约瑟芬·巴特勒以及在中世纪最有权力的女性之一:阿基坦的埃莉诺王后。BBC History Magazine deputy editor Charlotte Hodgman said: 'The poll has shone a light on some truly extraordinary women from history.'
BBC历史杂志副编辑夏洛特·霍启曼说道: “这次的评选让历史上这些真正杰出的女性们再次绽放了光芒。”