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职称英语单词记忆法

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词汇选择是职称英语中第一个考试项目,它考查大家在一定语境下对单词或短语的理解。从表面上,这是词汇的考题,实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。这里要给大家澄清一个概念,任何一种语言的语义最小单位是句子,而不是词。但是词汇或短语的理解对于句子的理解起着重要的作用。

词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。下面向大家推荐六种单词记忆法,仅供参考。

职称英语单词记忆法

一、结合记忆法

将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:

slope
n.① 倾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。 
 ② 斜面;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 倾斜
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。

critical
adj.① 批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的
I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
  ② 紧要的,关键的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。

  通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。

二、同类记忆法

将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记,效果会比较好。
  注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。例如:headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;“president”和“chancellor”是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长"”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。
  再如,bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor(博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。
  这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。

三、比较记忆法

把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。

例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案:B

例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案:C

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四、构词法记忆法

通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:

1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:
  picture(n)画——picture(v)描绘
  water(n)水——water(v)浇水

例题1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解释:
cnduct(v.)引导,管理,为人,传导
cnduct (n.)操守,行为
cnductor(n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等
例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解释:
bear(n.)熊
bear(v.)负担,忍受,带给,具有,挤

2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:
  happy → unhappy(加前缀)happiness(加后缀)

例题1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例题2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-、manu- = hand
manage(管理)、manual(体力的,手册)、manuscript(手写稿)、manufacture(生产)、manumit(释放);
例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
ann= year
anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(编年史)、annuity(年金)

3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:
  wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
  pea(豌豆)nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)

例题1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B

五、根义记忆法

利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。

  比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:
a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b)She is my immediate neighbor.
c)the immediate cause
  若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义:中间没有间隔(地)
1)(时间)立刻;
2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,
3)(关系)直接

例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书)
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案:B
例题2:Can you.follow the plot?(2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案:C

  请看下面几句中的“follow”分别都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、容易混淆词的特别记忆

(1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.
We had an early breakfast.(形容词)
We went by a fast train.(形容词)
We had breakfast early.(副词)
Don't speak so fast.(副词)

  (2)有些形容词变为副词,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不过在字义上不同。
(A)easy “安适地”;easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B)clear ( = completely “完全地“;clearly“显然地”)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D)slow和slowly当副词时同义,但slow比slowly语气强。
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“几乎不”
He works hard.(= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays.(= He does very little nowadays.)
(F)just“刚才;仅”;justly“公正地”
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G)late“迟”;lately(= recently)“最近地”
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H)pretty(= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”;
prettily(= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.

大家掌握词汇时,切记不要死记硬背哦,要掌握各种方法,理解地去背去记忆。

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