被动语态的各种形式

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。接下来，小编给大家准备了被动语态的各种形式,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态，如“We clean the room every day.”;如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的对象，谓语则是要用被动语态，如“The room is cleaned every day.”

被动语态的各种形式：

1) am/is/are +done

I’m asked to take care of myself.

Football is played all over the world.

2) has /have been done

This book has been translated into many foreign languages.

The prices of many goods have been cut again .

3) am/is /are being done

A road is being built around the mountain.

Many new houses are being built in this city.

4) was/were done

This house was built in 1958.

His leg was broken in an accident.

5) had been done

A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

When the anthem1 had been played the conference2 began.

6) was/were being done

The meeting was being held when I was there.

We were being trained this time last year.

7) shall/will be done

More factories will be built in our city.

He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

8) shall/will have been done

The project will have been completed before July.

Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.

9) should/would be done

He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.

10) should/would have been done

He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

　　扩展：常见的被动结构

1、SVO句型的被动结构

SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。例如：

He wrote1 the book two years ago. → The book was2 written by him two years ago. 这本书是他在两年前写的。

They are cleaning the house. → The house is being3 cleaned (by them). 房子正在被(他们)打扫。

You’re wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。

2、SVoO句型的被动结构

SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。

需要说明的是，一般把间接宾语(表示人)作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语(表示物)作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for(视动词而定)。例如：

My aunt gave4 me an apple. → I was given5 an apple. / An apple was given to me. 有人给了我一只苹果。[被动句中省略了by my aunt。]

His mother bought him a new coat. → He was bought a new coat. / A new coat was bought for him. 有人给他买了一件新大衣。[被动句中省略了by his mother。]

3、SVOC句型的被动结构

SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)[1]。例如：

People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short. 我常常被人直呼吉姆。

They asked Mike to write soon. → Mike was asked to write soon. 迈克被要求尽快写信。

He made6 the baby laugh. → The baby was made to laugh (by him). 那个婴儿被(他)逗笑了。[请比较前后两句中的划线单词，被动句中需要加上to。]

在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to(请见以上各例句)。

4、短语动词的被动结构

短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短语)。例如：

We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请医生了。

I turned off7 the radio just now. → The radio was turned off just now. 收音机刚才(被)关掉了。

They are taking good care8 of the children. → The children are being taken good care of. 孩子们正在受到良好的照顾。

在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词(如以上句中的for, off, of)不能遗漏。

5、带情态动词的被动结构

带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语)。例如：

You must do it at once. → It must be done at once. 这件事必须立即做。

We can see the park from the window. → The park can be seen9 from the window. 公园可以从窗户那里看到。