英语语法1知识讲解
英语语法1有什么基础的语法知识需要我们去理解的?下面是本站小编给大家整理的英语语法1，供大家参阅!
4.1 形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
(对) The girl is afraid.
这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice
4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively， ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错) She sang lovely.
(错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely.
(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体
1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.
2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor
4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例题: 1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只 有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was you. recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音 节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：
限定词+数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+
those + three + beautiful + large + square
新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词
old + brown + wood + table
英语语法1：副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。
一、副词的位置：
1) 在动词之前。
2) 在be动词、助动词之后。
3) 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
注意：
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副词的排列顺序：
1) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错) I very like English.
(对) I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
4.6 兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度，相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
4.7 形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest
未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的单音词和少数 large(大的) larger largest
以- le结尾的双 able(有能力的) abler ablest
音节词只加-r,-st
以一个辅音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
结尾的闭音节单 hot热的) hotter hottest
音节词，双写结
尾的辅音字母，
再加-er，-est
"以辅音字母+y" easy(容易的) easier easiest
结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的) busier busiest
改y为i，再加
-er，-est
少数以-er，-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest
结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
未尾加-er，-est
其他双音节词和 important(重要的)
多音节词，在前 more important
面加more，most most important
来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)
最高级。 more easily
most easily
2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (坏的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
little(少的) less least
4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1)要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3)要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4)要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
4.10 可修饰比较级的词
1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
每日英语语法11 according as，according to
1.1 这两个词组虽然相似，但它们的结构和使用场合并不相同。according to表示"根据"、"按照";而according as表示"视乎"，有depending及according to whether的意味。
According as是连词词组，其后接从句;according to 是介词短语，其后接名词。例：
The thermometer rises or falls according to the high or low temperature.寒暑表根据气温的高低而升降。 They will be praised or blamed according as their work is good or bad.
给他们的赏罚将视乎他们工作的好坏来决定。
1.2 应当在此指出，在现代英语中，according as的句型结构已很少有人使用，正如 Bergen Evans和 Cornelia Evans在A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage 中指出的那样："This construction is not often heard today"。
下面是according to的例句：
According to the weather report，we shall have cold weather next week.
根据天气报告，下星期天气将要转冷。
You should act according to circumstances.你们要随机应变。
1.3 According to有个同义短语，即 in accordance with，但它们的涵义有细微的区别，前者强调"根据„所言"，后者则强调"与„要一致"。另外 in accordance with多用于正式场合，例如表示与一些原则、规律一致。例：
According to police report，five luxury cars were stolen in Kowloon yesterday.
根据警方报告，昨天在九龙有五辆豪华汽车失窃。
We must proceed in accordance with the rules.我们必须按照规章办事。
That sentence is not in accordance with the rules of grammar.那个句子不符合语法规则。
1.4 请注意，in accordance with 既可引导 adverbial phrase，又可引导adjectival phrase作verb"to be"的补语(见上面 in accordance with的第一和第二个例句);according to则不能。例如，我们不能说： The news is according to Hong Kong’s broadcasting station.(错)
1.5 另一点需要补充说明的是，in accord with 和 in accordance with同义，它们可以互换使用，但前者远不及后者用得普遍。英国学者认为，我们最好在强凋"与„一致"(agreement)的时候，用in accord with;在强调"服从"或"遵照执行"(obeying or following)的涵义时，用 in accordance with。例如： What he has done is not in accord with your instructions.
In accordance with your instructions we have suspended work on the heating apparatus.
2 admit，admit of
2.1 一般说来，admit表示"许入"、"进入"(allow somebody or something to enter)或"承认"(acknowledge)的意义;admit of则表示"容许"(allow of)或"容有"(leave room for)之意。例如：
This ticket admits one person only.此券只准一人入场。
I admitted him to the lecture.我准许他入内听讲。
He has admitted the fact.他已承认此事。
This matter admits of no delay.此事刻不容缓。
This word admits of several interpretations.这个词可作几种解释。
2.2 Admit的主语既可以是物，也可以是人，而admit of 的主语只可以是没有生命的事物。例如，我们不能说： I can’t admit of your doing it，而只能说：I can’t allow you to do it。又如，不可以说：He can admit of no question，而应该说：His veracity admits of no question(他的诚信是勿容置疑的)。
2.3 值得注意的是，admittance和admission都是admit 的名词，它们都有"准入"之意，但使用场合不同。一般说来，admittance用于直义，即指准许某人进入某一场所;admission则大都用于比喻意，指准许进入的权利、入场费或入会费而言。因此，"入场券"译作admission ticket，不译作admittance ticket。"如非公事，不得擅进(非请勿进)"则译作 No admittance except on business。现将这两个词作一比较：
They refused him admittance when he arrived.他抵达时他们拒绝他入场。
They granted him admission.他门准许他入会。
此外，admit用作解"承认"时，之后可以接动名词或从句，但不能接动词不定式。例如： He admits having seen the book或 He admits that he saw the book。但不可以说：He admits to have seen the book。
2.4 在现代英语中，有时我们可以看到 admit to这么一个短语，其义相当于confess to (承认)，例如： In spit of all the evidence against her，she refused to admit to the crime.
虽然所有证据都对她不利，但是她拒绝承认犯了罪。
有些西方学者认为，admit to 并不是地道的英语，最好避免使用。
2.5 与之类似区别的词语有 allow和allow of。前者的意思是"许可"(permit);后者的意思是"容有„余地"(leave room for)。它们的用法与 admit和 admit of相同。
3 after，behind
After用作介词时，很易和另一介词behind混淆不清，因为它们都表示"在„之后"的意思。它们的区别有以下几点：
(一)一般说来，after指时间的先后次序，意为"在„之后"(later in time than); behind指位置的前后，意为"在„后面"(in the rear of)。例如：
I shall be free after ten o’clock.十点之后我有空。
The national stadium is located behind the hill.国家运动场在山岗的后面。
(二)after常用以指顺序，意为"跟在„之后"、"接着"、"接连"(in succession or next to in order); behind 则表示"隐匿在后"、"背着"或"遗留在后"之意。如：
After you，please!您先请!(出门或进门时的客套用语)
You should put the direct object after the indirect object.你应该把直接宾语放在间接宾语之后。 The policemen are searching for the robbers door after door.警察正在挨家挨户地搜查劫匪。
Day after day and year after year„日复一日，年复一年„„。
Don’t stand behind the door.不要躲在门背后。
Don’t speak evil of a man behind his back.不要在背后说人坏话。
Who is behind the scenes?谁是幕后人?
Those smugglers ran away and left no trace behind them.那些走私客逃走时没有留下任何痕迹。
(三)在某些场合下，after和behind可以互换使用，但涵义有所不同。如：
Shut the door after you.(1) Shut the door behind you.(2)
(1)句的意思是"随手关门"，after含有离开与关门两个动作的先后的意味;
(2)句的意思是"关上你背后的门"，behind表示门的静止状态的意味，正因为如此，我们通常说：Don’t stand behind the door，而不说：Don’t stand after the door。
值得注意的是，在另一些场合下，after和behind 在互换使用后，其意并无区别可言。如：
The dog ran after its master. John came in after Alice. The dog ran behind its master. John came in behind Alice.
Behind除作介词外，尚可用作副词、名词和形容词; after除作介词外，还可用作副词、连词和形容词，由于不属本书探讨范围之内，这里就不赘述。
4 alone，lone
4.1 这一对词都有"单独"、"孤单"(having no other person or thing nearby)之意，但用法有所不同。就词性而言，alone既可作形容词，又可作副词;而lone只能作形容词，不能作副词。例如：
He is alone.(adj.) He live alone.(adv.) A lone bird flew past.(adj.)
4.2 用作形容词时，alone只能作表语;而lone一般只能作定语。例：
I am alone.(不能说： I am an alone person)我独居。
She wants to make a lone flight.她想单独飞行。
4.3 在现代英语里，alone和lone跟lonely涵义不同，前二者只表示"单独"，没有感情色彩，但后者则表示"孤单、寂寞"的感受。例：
Though I was alone in Hong Kong，I did not feel lonely.虽然我独居香港，但是我并不感到寂寞。 The lone traveller led a lonely life.那独行客过着寂寞的人生。
