高考英语真题全国卷1及答案
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第I卷(共103分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A(10分)
Directions: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She doesn’t know him. B. She knows him quite well.
C. She knows something about him. D. She knows nothing about him.
2. A. 9:45. B. 8:15. C. 10:15. D. 10:45.
3. A. He is trying to finish his papers. B. His exams have already been finished.
C. He is too busy to prepare for his exams. D. He has no time to work on his papers.
4. A. She is popular with children. B. She has always been popular.
C. She has a surprise party. D. She was surprised by the party.
5. A. Finding a larger room. B. Selling the old table.
C. Buying another bookshelf. D. Rearranging some furniture.
6. A. He won’t go fishing with the woman. B. He prefers boating to fishing.
C. He prefers fishing to boating. D. He will go fishing with Brown.
7. A. At home. B. In a phone box.
C. In her office. D. In a friend’s house.
8. A. He wanted the woman to come and visit him.
B. He had two umbrellas.
C. He could share his umbrella with her.
D. He wanted to lend her a big umbrella.
9. A. Go shopping. B. Go fishing.
C. Buy fish. D. Eat in a restaurant.
10. A. A quarter past seven. B. A quarter to eight.
C. A quarter past eight. D. A quarter to nine.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Popular sport across San Francisco.
B. An international Marathon race held in Sydney.
C. An annual long distance running race in Sydney.
D. A professional world heel-and-toe walking race.
12. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter.
13. A. Mostly aged and disabled people.
B. Local citizens and foreign visitors.
C. Both professional athletes and ordinary citizens.
D. All kinds of people, including the old and the disabled.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. A dog attack. B. A medical error.
C. A big fire. D. A car accident.
15. A. They drew back in horror. B. They found her face unbearable.
C. They stopped to stare at her. D. They forced her to wear a mask.
16. A. She couldn’t recognize her own face.
B. She felt amazed at her new appearance.
C. She thought it was better to wear a mask.
D. She was confident enough to see her daughter.
Section C
Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Salary and Benefit Package |
Starting salary:_____17_____ yuan. |
Main benefits:5 weeks of _____18_____ and full medical _____19_____. |
_____20____ fund:80% Transportation:A company car leased every two years. |
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A(16分)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Then I woke up and thanked my lucky stars enthusiastically that it had been only a dream. I lay quietly in bed the following morning and wondered (25) ____ I had come to have such a terrible dream.
Never would I consider the idea of jumping off a bridge with or without a springy wire. Then I remembered I (26) ____ (see) a film on the television the night before showing some students bungee jumping. The funny thing about this strange sport is (27) ____ you often see people jumping off but you never see them come back.
(28) ____ I said, in no circumstances could I be persuaded to do it for the simple reason (29) ____ I am afraid of heights. I remember once sitting (30) ____ (shock) at my desk at work listening to a colleague describing how he had jumped out of a plane by parachute on one occasion in order to raise some money for charity. I can recall how I almost fell off my chair in fear. No sooner had he finished telling his story (31) ____ I had to get up and go and lie down quietly in a darkened room. I can still remember one incident (32) ____ illustrates my fear of heights – I haven’t got over it yet and it’s still very vivid in my mind.
(B)
Every regulation has secondary effects and these effects are often contrary to the regulators’ objectives. Therefore, it is impossible to regulate just one aspect of human behavior.
Economic theory (33) ____ be a powerful tool in predicting the occurrence of these unwanted side effects and in suggesting ways in which they can be avoided through a careful structuring of the law. Our study of the Ohio experience shows that (34) ____ (increase) the conviction rate for drunken driving can reduce the happening of alcohol-related accidents but at the cost of more alcohol-related hit-and-runs. (35) ____ (reduce) the significance of this secondary effect, the authority can at the meantime consider more severe punishment for drivers who flee the scene of (36) ____ accident. Indeed, the Ohio state authority is currently considering a bill that would raise the hit-and-run punishment to (37) ____ for drunken driving. This, however, might also make bribery relatively (38) ____ (attractive), which in turn might result in other changes in the law. These measures (39) ____ (take) only to illustrate what we mean (40) ____ the “structure” of a regulation, and its importance for individual behavior. There is still much to be learned about various regulatory structures and the effects they have on human behavior.
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. argued B. content C. determine D. diverse E. particular
F. identified G. awareness H. pursuing I. persuasion J. circumstance K. making
SCIENTISTS study it. An increasing number of self-help books tell us the way to find it. In fact, ___41___ happiness has been called the ultimate goal in life by countless talks, TV shows and newspaper and magazine columns. However, happiness, as it was before, is still hard to find.
US psychologist Ed Diener, author of Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, may have the answer：“a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than negative emotions”. This may sound straightforward (易懂的) enough, but it still doesn’t explain what can ___42___ people’s happiness. And as The Washington Post ___43___ in an article last month, creating a definition of happiness that is true for people around the world can seem as difficult as being happy.
For example, who is happier: someone who has enough money to buy a new mobile phone or someone who has a family dinner after years away from home?
Nevertheless, as many surveys suggest, one of the most important parts of happiness is wealth. The UN’s World Happiness Report 2015 shows that countries with the highest levels of happiness are developed ones, with Switzerland, Iceland and Denmark ___44___ up the top three. But on the other hand, Bhutan, one of the poorest countries in the world, was ___45___ as the happiest country in Asia and the eighth happiest in the world in research by Business Week in 2012.
Perhaps the biggest problem is how the idea of “happiness” varies in ___46___ cultures and languages.
As The Washington Post noted, the word “happy” can refer to different things in English. It might mean a brief mood you feel when someone surprises you with a gift or you think of friends and family. Or it could refer to ___47___ with your life. But not all languages refer to happiness the same way. In Danish, for example, happiness is often translated as “lykke”, a term that can describe everyday well-being that might come from a nice cup of coffee or a slice of bread with cheese.
In Chinese, the word for happiness is xingfu, which is used to describe a good life or a ___48___ that makes people feel free from worry. For a good mood, however, kuaile is used more often.
Another difference in the ___49___ of happiness, as The Washington Post put it, is that Western countries tend to have quite an “individualistic view of human life”. In China and many other Asian countries, social relationships, with family in ___50___, are one of the most important factors in a person’s well-being.
So, are you happy? And what makes you happy?
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
To advertise effectively today, you must abandon the old-school idea of “reaching the masses”. All advertising is local and personal. The key to effective advertising today is to focus on the 51 .
Some are the 52 ways every advertiser could work out. You can print a specific offer of your goods or service on door-hangers and place them on doorknobs in your area. Door-hangers on doorknobs will produce results in direct 53 about the strength of your offer. If you need to reach the drivers, flyer (宣传单) under windshield (挡风玻璃) wipers may have better effect than door-hangers. Imagine, how 54 if you hire someone to be a walking ad or launch a T-shirt advertising, 55 , you can print your products on T-shirts of your 56 . In the early 1970s “Hamp Baker says Drive with Care” was spray-painted on cars, which was a public service ad. Ever since, spray-painted sign has become more and more 57 .
More grand ways are as follows: virtual showroom. Build a website to 58 a virtual showroom. Use it when people call to ask 59 about your company, your products or your services. Also you can even use an old slide projector to put on a nighttime show. They’re 60 effective, and in the long run, cheap. Nothing is quite as powerful as a public 61 that seizes the public’s attention. You can invite a band to give a performance. 62 , you can hire famous models to show it vividly.
Nothing screams “expert” quite as loudly as a book written about a subject. You simply can’t 63 the power of your name on the cover of a book. You might only sell a few copies online, but the copies you give away in your town will make you a fortune. You won’t make money on the book. You’ll make it because of the book.
Of course, word-of-mouth is the best way to promote your 64 . Friends and past customers recommend your products to their family, friends and colleagues. Word-of-mouth works because the 65 is based on previous positive experiences.
51. A. content B. product C. individual D. style
52. A. strange B. common C. amusing D. perfect
53. A. description B. decision C. discussion D. permission
54. A. stupid B. funny C. impressive D. ridiculous
55. A. that is B. first of all C. as a result D. generally speaking
56. A. customers B. employers C. consumers D. employees
57. A. expensive B. valueless C. popular D. meaningless
58. A. refer to B. serve as C. stand for D. keep off
59. A. location B. business-hours C. salary D. details
60. A. unbelievably B. consequently C. accidentally D. occasionally
61. A. speech B. sport C. debate D. performance
62. A. For example B. Moreover C. However D. To be exact
63. A. create B. change C. imagine D. overuse
64. A. production B. friendship C. management D. business
65. A. information B. relationship C. pronunciation D. achievement
Section B (24分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It’s nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.
It’s nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias(偏颇).
Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it’s time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes：From confrontation comes brilliance.
It’s not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There’s no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.
Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.
Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.
Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.
66. What does the author suggest leaders do?
A. Avoid arguments with business partners.
B. Encourage people to disagree and argue.
C. Build a wide and strong business network.
D. Seek advice from their worthy competitors.
67. What is the purpose of holding a debate?
A. To find out the truth about an issue.
B. To remove misunderstandings.
C. To build up people’s moral strength.
D. To look for worthy opponents.
68. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?
A. They listen carefully to their opponents’ views.
B. They show due respect for each other’s beliefs.
C. They present their views clearly and explicitly.
D. They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.
69. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?
A. Try to make peace with them. B. Invite them to the ring next time.
C. Try to make up the differences. D. Acknowledge their contribution.
(B)
Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth
Introduction
Although small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to youth living on the street or in difficult circumstances. Over the past years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organizations in Africa, Latin Africa and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K. I. and our partner organizations have learned.
Background
Typically, children end up on the streets not due to a single cause, but a combination of factors: the lack of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home and so on. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, and urban crime.
Street Business Partnerships
S.K.I. has worked with partner organizations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.
● The S.K.I Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, but hey were required to pay for it gradually from their wages.
● The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society. Street Youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.
Lessons Learned
The following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organizations have created.
● It’s critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.
● Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assets such as bicycles, shoe shining kits.
● All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the business runners used to the concept of paying interest on borrowing money. Generally the rates have been modest.
Conclusion
There is a need to recognize the importance of access to credit for poor young people seeking to fulfill economic needs.
70. The organization, S.K.I., aims to _________________.
A. provide schools and social support for street children
B. give business training and loans to street children
C. share the lessons S.K. I. learned to help street children
D. draw the attention of the government to street children
71. This passage implies that with the help of S. K. I. street children may _______
A. reject paid employment B. leave their families
C. set up their own business D. employ other children
72. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The link of all loans to training programs is crucial.
Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia works with another organization.
C. Interest is charged for the loans in all S.K.I. programs.
D. The S.K.I Bicycle Courier Service provides the participants with free bicycles.
(C)
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted (公诉) for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
73. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with ____________.
A. uncertainty B. skepticism
C. approval D. tolerance
74. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ____________.
A. guarding it against malpractices B. protecting it from consumers
C. winning trust from consumers. D. raising the quality of its products
75. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. less controversial B. more lasting
C. more effective D. less severe
76. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record ____________.
A. comes across as reliable evidence
B. has an impact on their decision
C. increases the chance of being penalized
D. constitutes part of the investigation
77. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
A. The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown
B. Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated
C. Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked
D. It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
If you start each day desperately wishing for an extra hour in bed, the following is likely to leave you feeling even more ill-tempered.
Scientists have identified a “sleepless elite” who are a small group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status and, for whom staying in bed a little bit longer is a waste of time. Rather than being tired, bad-tempered under-achievers, they are an energetic, outgoing and optimistic group who can happily and healthily get by on just four or five hours of shut-eye a night. If that were not irritating enough, they tend to be slim, able to hold down two jobs at the same time, and move rapidly through their extra-long days without intense effort, and without needing caffeine drinks or naps.
Working out how the gene cuts sleep without any impact on health could help in the design of drugs that give us all a few extra hours in our days. The bad news is that while many of us get by on a few hours’ sleep a night, just one to three people in 100 qualities to be part of the sleepless elite. The research team is now appealing for members of the lucky group to volunteer to allow their DNA to be studied.
University of California researcher Ying-Hui Fu said: “My long-term goal is to someday learn enough so we can control the sleep pathways skillfully without damaging our health. Everybody can use more waking hours, even if you just watch movies. “Many of those who have already volunteered share fascinating characteristics. They are thinner than average, and seem to have a high tolerance for physical pain and psychological set-backs.”
Researcher Dr Christopher Jones told the Wall Street Journal: “Typically, at the end of a long-structured phone interview, they will admit they have been testing messages and surfing the Internet and doing crossword puzzles at the same time, all on less than six hours of sleep.”
Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS
78. What kind of person can be called a “sleepless elite” according to the author?
_________________________________________________________________________.
79. How long do the “sleepless elite” usually sleep every night?
_________________________________________________________________________.
80. __________________________________ are the sleepless elite’s fascinating characteristics.
81. We can infer from what Researcher Dr Christopher Jones said in the last paragraph that _________________________________________________________________________.
第Ⅱ卷(47分)
I. Translation (22分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 他们之间的关系是基于相互尊重和共同的爱好。(base)
2. 制定任何计划时我们要深思熟虑，权衡利弊。(weigh)
3. 为了提高服务标准，家具店确认常客将享受15%的折扣。(confirm)
4. 近来研究表明狗也能体验很多诸如愤怒、悲伤这样的情感，这很让科学家振奋。(wide)
5. 尽管他还是个孩子，却已经知道越早接触到财务问题，就越有可能成为一个有责任心、有前瞻性的成年人，能自信有效地处理财务问题。(as)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the picture and the instructions given below.
学校马上就要扩建。作为一名学生，你最希望校方在扩建过程中开辟出什么样的学习、或锻炼场所。请给校长写一封信，内容包括以下两个方面：
1. 描述你希望的学习或锻炼场所;
2. 联系自身经历，说明你希望有这样一个场所的原因。
高考英语真题全国卷1参考答案I. Listening Comprehension
1-10 CCABD ABCBB 11-16 CBD ACB
17. 120,000 18. vacation 19. insurance 20. Retirement
21. housing fees 22. her academic adviser/advisor.
23. Wildlife science 24. live out
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
25. why 26. had seen 28. As
29. that 30. shocked 31. than 32. which/that
33. can 34. increasing 35. To reduce 36. an
38. more attractive 39. are taken 40. by
Section B 41-50 H C A K F D B J G E
III. Reading
Section A 51-55 CBACA 56-60 DCBD A 61-65 DBCDA
Section B 66-69 BADD 70-72 BCD 73-77 ACDBA
Section C
78. Those who don’t sleep much but are energetic, outgoing and optimistic./Those who enjoy superior intellectual or social economic status but sleep less.
79. They usually sleep (for) four or five hours a night.
80. Being thin and able to tolerate physical pain and psychological set-backs
81. the “sleepless elite” can do several things at the same time
I. Translation:
1. Their relationship is based on mutual respect and common interests.
2. When making any plan, we need to think carefully and weigh up the pros and cons. /weigh advantages against disadvantages.
3. To raise the service standard, the furniture shop confirms that the regular customers will gain 15 percent discount
4. Recent studies have indicated/shown that dogs can experience a wide range of emotions such as /like anger and grief/sorrow, which really excites the scientists.
5. Child as he is, he has known that the earlier he is exposed to financial issues, the more likely he is to become a responsible, forward-planning adult who can manage his finances confidently and effectively.
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