《牛津英语大词典》收录的新词
The June 2018 update of the OED adds more than 900 new words and senses, including the selection of items described in greater detail below.
《牛津英语大词典》2018年6月更新版增加了900多个新词和释义，其中部分选中条目的详细解释如下。
The term precariat, referring to a class of people whose employment, income, and living standards are insecure or precarious . A blend of precarious and proletariat, the word has risen to prominence in recent years in the context of discussions about the growing number of people whose livelihoods rely on casual and freelance labour.
“Precariat”（朝不保夕阶级）指的是职业、收入和生活水平无保障或不稳定的一类人。它结合了“precarious”（不稳定的）和“proletariat”（无产阶级）这两个词，近年来在讨论依靠临时工作和自由职业生活的人的数量日益增多的问题上经常被用到。
Also included in this update is zero-hours, which is used in the UK to designate a contract of employment that does not include a guarantee of regular work for the employee.
此次更新还增加了“zero-hours”（无固定时限）这个词，在英国这个词用来形容没有固定工作保障的劳动合同。
Impostor syndrome is defined as ‘the persistent inability to believe that one’s success is deserved or has been legitimately achieved as a result of one’s own efforts or skills’. The OED’s earliest citation comes from a 1982 article in Vogue, where it was used as a synonym for the term impostor phenomenon, which was in use by 1978. Impostor syndrome is now the more common term.
“Impostor syndrome”（冒牌者症候群）指的是“始终不相信某人的成功是因其个人努力或技能而应得或合理实现的”。《牛津英语大词典》对这个词的引用最早出自《Vogue》（《时尚》）杂志1982年刊登的一篇文章，当时它被用作“impostor phenomenon”这个词的同义词，而“impostor phenomenon”这个词在1978年就开始使用了。如今“Impostor syndrome”则更常见。
Other newly added words include spad， a British slang term for a ‘special adviser’ in political contexts.
增加的其他新词还有“spad”，这是一个形容政治“特约顾问”的英国俚语。
Sharrow, a blend of share and arrow used in North America to refer to a road marking used to indicate which part of a road should be used by cyclists when the roadway is shared with motor vehicles.
“Sharrow”这个词把“share”和“arrow”结合在了一起，在北美当自行车和机动车辆共用一条道路的时候，这个词用来指自行车道的道路标记。
Acquihire means‘an act or instance of buying out a company primarily for the skills and expertise of its staff, rather than for the products or services it supplies’.
“Acquihire”指的是“收购某个公司主要是为了其员工的技能而不是为了该公司提供的产品或服务的行为或事例”。
The word microaggression (‘a statement, action, or incident regarded as an instance of indirect, subtle, or unintentional discrimination or prejudice against members of a marginalized group such as a racial minority’) has become markedly more common in mainstream use over the past several years, but it has been used in academic contexts for decades.
在过去的几年里“Microaggression”（轻度冒犯）这个词（用来描述对少数种族等边缘化群体的间接、细微或无意的歧视或偏见的一种说法、行动或事件）显然变得更常用了，但其实在学术界这个词已经使用几十年了。
Lorem ipsum is a form of sample text used by compositors and graphic designers to demonstrate the textual layout of a document before the content has been finalized.
“Lorem ipsum”（虚拟文本）是排版人员和平面设计师在完成最终设计之前用来说明一份文件的文本布局的一种示范文本形式。
The phrase spoiler alert has become commonplace in online discussions of films and television as a way of warning readers that an important detail of the story is about to be divulged .
在网络上讨论电影和电视剧的时候经常会见到“Spoiler alert”（剧透警告）这个词，它是用来提醒读者某个故事的重要细节就要被泄露了。
The Bechdel test is an informal method of evaluating whether or not a film or other fictional work portrays women in a way that marginalizes them or which exhibits sexism or gender stereotyping.
“Bechdel test”（贝克德尔测验）是评估一部电影或小说是否把女性边缘化或存在性别歧视或性别成见的一种通俗做法。
A work is said to pass the test if it satisfies three criteria: (1) there must be at least two (named) women; (2) the women must talk to each other; and (3) they must talk about something other than a man.
据说，如果一部作品满足三个条件：（1）至少有两位（有姓名的）女性；（2）女士们之间必须要有交流；（3）她们必须讨论与男性无关的话题，这部作品就通过了这项测验。
These principles were articulated in Alison Bechdel’s comic Dykes to Watch Out For in 1985, but the use of the term Bechdel test to refer to them seems to have arisen more than 20 years later.
爱丽森· 贝克德尔于1985年在她的漫画“Dykes to Watch Out For”（小心女同性恋者）中说明了这些原则，但似乎在20多年之后人们才渐渐开始使用这个词。
One of the most conspicuous domains in which the vocabulary of English has expanded in recent decades is that of gender and sexuality, where new terminology has emerged to reflect more complex understandings of this aspect of the human experience.
在最近的几十年里，英语词汇明显增多的领域之一就是性别和性征，涌现了更多形容人们此类体验的复杂感受的新术语。
Ace, a shortening of asexual respelled on the model of the existing word ace, is used as a self-designation by many people who identify as asexual, meaning that they do not experience sexual feelings or desires, although they may have romantic feelings and relationships.
“Ace”是“asexual”（性冷淡）的缩写，是许多被认定为性冷淡的人的一种自称，意思是虽然他们可能有浪漫情怀和恋情，但他们没有性欲，这是现有词汇“ace”的另一种含义。
The conceptual uncoupling of romantic and sexual desire has led to the development of a number of terms that consider romantic attraction as a distinct phenomenon from sexual attraction.
对爱情的渴望和性欲在概念上的分离衍生出了大量视爱情吸引力为一种与性吸引不同的现象的词汇。
To be aromantic is to have no desire to form romantic relationships, while biromantic, heteroromantic, and homoromantic describe the orientation of a person’s romantic feelings with respect to gender, particularly in cases in which this differs from their sexual orientation.
“Aromantic”指的是没有发展恋情的欲望，而“biromantic, heteroromantic, and homoromantic”指的是一个人的性取向，特别是指喜欢那些与他原本的性取向有着不同性别的人的趋向。
（翻译：Dlacus）
